Distinguish Type A (augmented) from Type B (bizarre) adverse drug reactions and give an example of each.

• A. Type A: predictable, dose-dependent; example hypoglycemia from insulin. Type B: idiosyncratic, not dose-dependent; example anaphylaxis to penicillin.
• B. Type A: unpredictable; Type B: predictable with dose-dependence.
• C. Type A: idiosyncratic; Type B: dose-dependent.
• D. Type A: not related to dose; Type B: dose-dependent.

Answer: (A)

Type A (augmented) reactions are predictable extensions of a drug’s normal pharmacologic effect and rise with the dose, making them dose-dependent and common. An example is hypoglycemia from insulin, where higher insulin doses or missed meals increase the risk in a straightforward, dose-related way. Type B (bizarre) reactions are idiosyncratic and not dose-dependent; they’re unpredictable and often immune- or metabolism-related. Anaphylaxis to penicillin exemplifies this category, as it can occur unpredictably and does not follow a simple dose-response pattern. The other options mix up these features by suggesting the opposite patterns (unpredictable or dose-dependent in the wrong category), which is why they’re not correct.